Letter to the Editor

Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a major public health issue, and its complications extend beyond the strictly metabolic and vascular domains. In older adults, type 2 diabetes is now recognized as a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment, encompassing not only vascular dementia but also Alzheimer’s disease and mixed forms of dementia [1].

Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the terminal ileum and colon. Graves’ Disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism. The coexistence of these two autoimmune conditions is rare and raises important questions regarding their shared pathophysiological mechanisms and optimal management strategies.

Introduction

Ischemic strokes associated with pituitary adenomas are rare events, mostly reported in the context of pituitary apoplexy [1, 2]. We report a unique clinical case of a pituitary macroadenoma revealed by a pontine ischemic stroke.

Introduction

Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder caused by excessive secretion of Growth Hormone (GH), usually from a pituitary adenoma [1]. Hirsutism, a condition characterized by excessive terminal hair growth in a male pattern in women, has been occasionally reported as a cutaneous manifestation of acromegaly but is rarely the presenting symptom [2, 3]. We report a rare case of acromegaly revealed by hirsutism.

Acute Liver Failure (ALF) is a rapid and severe clinical syndrome defined by the onset of liver dysfunction and encephalopathy within eight weeks of symptoms in healthy individuals, or two weeks following jaundice in those with pre-existing disease. ALF arises from diverse etiologies. Nursing management is a cornerstone of ALF care, requiring intensive monitoring of neurological status, hemodynamic stability, and fluid-electrolyte balance. Specific interventions include managing cerebral…

Osteoporosis is a "silent disease" characterized by reduced bone mass and increased skeletal fragility, making nurses' roles in education, prevention as well as holistic support, critical. Key nursing interventions focus on lifestyle modifications, fall prevention strategies, coordination of pharmacological therapy and psychosocial support. By promoting early screening, nurses can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with osteoporotic fractures. Specialized nursing…

Perspective Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged as a transformative force in modern healthcare, enabling data-driven approaches to diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical decision-making [1]. By incorporating techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, data mining, and natural language processing, AI systems are increasingly capable of analyzing complex clinical data and supporting personalized care [2]. One area that has recently gained attention is…

Background: Flat foot is related with modified foot biomechanics, where intrinsic foot muscle weakness and calf muscle tightness, particularly of the soleus muscle are deemed assisting factors. Understanding the relationship between these variables may and in better assessment and rehabilitation strategies for individuals with flatfoot.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between intrinsic foot muscle strength, soleus muscle tightness in…

Cancer is most commonly described as a molecular and genetic disorder driven by mutations that alter cell proliferation and survival. However, malignant transformation also represents an anatomical phenomenon characterized by progressive disruption of normal tissue architecture at cellular, histological, and organ levels. This brief review examines cancer from an anatomical perspective, emphasizing alterations in tissue organization, cellular morphology, stromal composition, vascular…

Multisystem presentations in adolescents often lead clinicians down fragmented diagnostic pathways. Chronic urticaria, multiple allergies, and micronutrient deficiencies are typically approached through immunological or nutritional frameworks, while gastrointestinal dysmotility is often siloed within gastroenterology. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity and systemic interplay between immune dysregulation, nutritional compromise, and colorectal motility disorder in a teenage girl…