Antithyroid Drugs (ATDs) - principally carbimazole, methimazole (thiamazole), and propylthiouracil - remain central to the treatment of hyperthyroidism but can rarely cause idiosyncratic neutropenia and agranulocytosis, a potentially fatal adverse drug reaction. Agranulocytosis is conventionally defined by an absolute neutrophil count below 0.5×109/L and may develop abruptly after a previously normal blood count. This Seminar reviews contemporary epidemiology, drug- and patient-related risk…

Background: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is an exceptionally rare genetic disorder, usually caused by a pathogenic variant in the LMNA gene, and characterized by progressive features of accelerated aging beginning in early childhood. Most affected children appear clinically normal at birth and during early infancy. Although Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome has been recognized for more than a century, it remains extremely rare and individual case reports continue…

Background: Jean De Grouchy syndrome (18p deletion syndrome; partial monosomy 18p) is a chromosomal disorder associated with variable developmental, intellectual, dysmorphic, and neurological manifestations. Since its original description in 1963, the reported phenotype has expanded considerably. Recognition of rare chromosomal disorders remains particularly important in populations that are underrepresented in the medical literature.

Objective:…

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack), a traditional Southeast Asian medicinal plant, has garnered increasing scientific interest for its potential benefits in male reproductive health, androgen deficiency, and overall physiological performance. This paper synthesizes three decades of research, integrating experimental studies, mechanistic insights, and clinical investigations.

Preclinical evidence demonstrates that Tongkat Ali enhances sexual motivation, libido, penile reflexes,…

Background: Shilajit is a naturally occurring, mineral-rich organic exudate. Increasing scientific interest has focused on its potential role in male reproductive health, testosterone regulation, and fertility. A recent 2024 systematic review of 52 human studies evaluating 27 testosterone-boosting supplements identified Shilajit as one of the few supplements with possible efficacy in aging-related late-onset hypogonadism.

Objective: To summarize…

Mesterolone (1-alpha-Methyl-5-alpha-androstan-17-beta-ol-3-one) is a synthetic orally active dihydrotestosterone derivative introduced during the 1960s as a comparatively mild androgen with limited antigonadotropic and hepatotoxic effects relative to many contemporary oral anabolic steroids. This paper summarizes the historical development, pharmacological characteristics, clinical applications, and experimental studies related to mesterolone over more than five decades.

Early…

Paediatric toxicology has undergone a profound epidemiological shift over the past decade. While accidental ingestions in toddlers remain common, a rapid rise in psychotropic drug poisoning and intentional self-harm ingestion among adolescents has transformed clinical practice. Psychotropic exposures have increased from 18.5% to 31.2% in recent years, with self-harm ingestion emerging as one of the strongest predictors of severe poisoning. Toddlers remain vulnerable to “one pill killers”…

Pelvic inflammatory disease can be an incredibly difficult condition to treat. The patient having a developmental disability such as autism can further complicate the matter. When numerous imaging studies, lab reports, and hospital admission have been pursued and symptoms persist, the situation begins to take the form of a novel clinical case. We present the case of an autistic woman who had persistent abdominal pain over the course of 5 years. After non-gynecologic causes of her pain were…

Teaching practicum enables pre-service teachers to connect educational theory with professional practice while experiencing the organisational and relational conditions of school life. The culture of the host school can therefore influence pedagogical learning, professional identity, collaboration, and confidence. This reflective commentary examines a biology teaching practicum conducted from 30 March to 31 July 2026 at a Malaysian secondary school participating in the School Transformation…

Teaching practicum provides pre-service teachers with authentic opportunities to apply pedagogical knowledge and adapt to the characteristics of particular educational settings. State sports secondary schools are distinctive because academic learning is integrated with intensive athletic training and broader student development. Teachers in these schools must balance curriculum requirements with the academic, physical, and psychological needs of student-athletes whose participation may be…