Background: Sub-Saharan Africa continues to shoulder a disproportionate burden of vaccine preventable diseases, yet the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine immunization programs across the region, creating immunity deficits that threaten to reverse decades of progress and amplify cross-border health risks for international travelers.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis, guided by the PRISMA protocol, synthesized evidence on mortality…

This editorial explores the conceptual, clinical, and humanistic dimensions of gender euphoria, challenging the medical establishment’s historical reliance on a deficit-based model centered solely on gender dysphoria. Originating within grassroots trans communities and substantiated by contemporary psychological research, gender euphoria refers to the profound sense of joy, somatic relief, and peace experienced when an individual’s internal gender identity aligns with their outward…

Open-field crop-residue burning remains an important episodic source of fine particulate matter, carbonaceous aerosol and reactive gases across northern India. Microbial bio-decomposers are increasingly promoted as a biological option for accelerating in-situ residue breakdown, but their environmental value depends on more than microbial activity alone. This critical mini review evaluates the biological basis, field efficacy, operational constraints and air-quality relevance of…

White button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were stored for up to 13 days at 7°C with microcapsules containing cinnamaldehyde. Along the storage period, samples were retrieved to determine respiration rates, fresh weight losses, pileus firmness and color, stem length, cap opening and total phenolic content. On the last day of storage, the mushrooms stored with cinnamaldehyde sachets presented the lowest percentage of fresh weight losses, had higher firmness and the stem length elongation and…

Mangrove ecosystems provide indispensable ecological and socio-economic services, yet their effective conservation requires rigorous spatial assessments. Conventional survey methodologies often prove inadequate for mapping extensive mangrove tracts, resulting in critical data gaps. This study evaluated the spatial extent and taxonomic composition of mangrove forests across four reserves in northern Langkawi Island, encompassing Kilim, Teluk Datai, Tanjung Rhu, and Kubang Badak, utilizing…

Objectives: To review the pathophysiology and management of fulminating Enterocolitis (EC) in term neonates with major cardiac defects.

Background: Unlike classic NEC in preterm infants, cardiac EC is a "vascular catastrophe" driven by mesenteric low-flow states and anatomical vulnerabilities.

Design: Narrative review of published literature, clinical guidelines, and surgical series across pediatric cardiology, neonatal…

Introduction: Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, an inexpensive and common intervention in developed countries, faces a lack of clear guidelines in resource-limited countries. The enzymes N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) influence Cotrimoxazole metabolism and side effects. This study explores the relationship between NAT2 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms and Cotrimoxazole side effects in HIV-positive patients in N'Djamena.

Methods: Blood…

This study evaluated the quantitative phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Bridelia ferruginea leaf and stem bark extracts. Quantitative analysis revealed that the leaf tissue accumulated significantly (p<0.05) higher bioactive secondary metabolites than the stem bark: phenols (895.20 vs. 307.00 mg/g), flavonoids (609.60 vs. 200.60 mg/g), terpenoids (345.70 vs. 112.80 mg/g), saponins (203.50 vs. 87.55 mg/g), tannins (197.20 vs. 78.14 mg/g), steroids (112.70 vs. 100.60…

The twenty-first century may ultimately be remembered not only as the age of artificial intelligence and biotechnology but also as the age of the global exposome. Humanity is now exposed to an unprecedented mixture of environmental toxicants originating from polluted air, contaminated water, industrial chemicals, pesticides, microplastics, endocrine disruptors, ultra processed foods, and climate-related environmental degradation. Together, these factors contribute to a rising burden of…

Background: Thyroid disorders requiring surgical intervention are uncommon in children but represent a unique spectrum of diseases characterized by higher malignancy rates, distinct molecular profiles, and specific perioperative considerations compared with adults.

Objective: To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, surgical indications, operative management, complications, and outcomes of pediatric thyroid…