Background/Aim: While periodontal disease (PD) has been linked to various systemic malignancies, extensive research regarding its association with gliomas is currently lacking. The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential differences in periodontal status between patients diagnosed with diffuse astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas (WHO Grade 2 and 3), and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 85…

Background: Second Hand Smoke (SHS) exposes nonsmokers to harmful chemicals that contribute to cardiovascular diseases, including endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. Tender Coconut Water (TCW), rich in antioxidants and essential nutrients, has been suggested as a potential natural intervention to mitigate SHS-induced cardiovascular damage.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TCW on structural and physiological…

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a widely used indicator of chronic glycemic exposure and is central to diabetes diagnosis, monitoring, and prevention of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Because diabetes affects multiple organ systems, interpretation of HbA1c may be strengthened when renal, hepatic, and lipid biomarkers are assessed concurrently.

Objective: This study evaluated the age- and sex-stratified distribution of…

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) remains a major contributor to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pakistan is considered an intermediate-burden country with heterogeneous regional prevalence and genotype distribution. This study summarizes clinical, demographic, serological, and treatment-related patterns in a Pakistani HBV dataset and interprets the findings in the context of known genotype distribution in Pakistan. De-identified electronic health-record data were…

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) remains a major cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and Pakistan continues to experience one of the highest HCV burdens globally. This cross-sectional study estimated HCV prevalence in a sample population from Pakistan and explored variations across age and gender groups. Fifty-seven individuals who underwent HCV testing during routine clinical assessment were included. HCV status was determined using serological testing, and…

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system in which Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid findings, evoked potentials, and clinical follow-up remain central to diagnosis and monitoring. Many patients with MS also explore complementary or alternative approaches for symptom relief, although the evidence base for disease modification remains limited and inconsistent.

Case…

Pakistan, together with Afghanistan, remains one of the final reservoirs of endemic Wild Poliovirus type 1 (WPV1). This review synthesizes Pakistan's polio trajectory from 2020 through April 2025, focusing on case trends, environmental surveillance, programmatic responses, and persistent barriers to eradication. The review used published and grey literature from WHO, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), CDC, UNICEF, Pakistan Polio Eradication Programme reports, and peer-reviewed…

Background: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, skeletal mineralization, and musculoskeletal health. However, the relationship between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D], Body Mass Index (BMI), and DEXA-defined osteopenia or osteoporosis remains debated, particularly in populations with heterogeneous nutritional, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors.

Objective: This study evaluated the distribution of vitamin D status and Bone Mineral…

Background: Vitamin D is classically linked with calcium homeostasis and skeletal health, but accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D signalling also participates in innate and adaptive immune regulation. Because Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is central to allergic sensitization, the relationship between circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and total IgE may provide clinically relevant insight into pro-allergic immune balance.

Objective: This…

Background: Co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) worsens liver prognosis and accelerates immunosuppression. In sub-Saharan Africa, updated data on this co-infection remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV serological markers and identify factors associated with HIV/HBV co-infection among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) followed at the EPC Hospital of Djoungolo (Yaoundé,…