Nourhan Alsaeeid Alsaeeid ^{1 *}

Background: Patient–ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is a common complication in mechanically ventilated patients, leading to increased morbidity, prolonged ventilation, and respiratory muscle fatigue. Early detection is critical. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and machine learning algorithms, have been applied to automate detection.

Objective: To systematically review current evidence on AI-based…

Zaparackaite I ¹ Govani ND ² Singh H ³ Singh SJ ⁴ Mehta AR ⁵ Midha PK ⁵ Patel R ² Patel RV ^{2 *}

Objectives: To re‑examine infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) through a contemporary, multidimensional framework that integrates structural, functional, and psycho‑neuro‑endocrine‑immune (PNEI) mechanisms. This review synthesises current evidence on IHPS epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, and evaluates minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It further explores how emerging insights into gut–brain and neuroimmune regulation…

Govani DR ¹ Mehta AR ² Midha PK ³ Govani ND ¹ Panchasara NG ¹ Patel RR ¹ Patel RV ^{1 *}

A six‑year‑old girl presented with a left‑sided abdominal mass and a non‑functioning left kidney, initially diagnosed radiologically as Wilms’ tumor. Intraoperatively, the kidney was found to be compressed—not invaded—by a massive, benign‑appearing retroperitoneal tumor. The mass was excised with preservation of the kidney. Unrecognised extension of the tumor through the lumbar intervertebral foramen resulted in a postoperative spinal epidural hematoma, causing acute paraparesis. Emergency…

Gorgi K ^{1 *} Chaouche M ²

Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by partial or complete monosomy X. The presence of Y chromosome material, particularly the sex-determining region Y(SRY) gene, has important clinical implications due to the increased risk of gonadoblastoma. We report two cases of young women with Turner syndrome harboring Y chromosome material detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), illustrating the phenotypic variability, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic…

Gorgi K ^{1 *} Chaouche M ²

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by inappropriate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion leading to chronic hypercalcemia. Acute pancreatitis is a rare but potentially severe complication of PHPT. We report three cases in which acute pancreatitis was the revealing manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism. These observations emphasize the importance of systematically investigating metabolic causes, particularly hypercalcemia, in cases of acute…

N. Krishna Prakash ^{1 *} P. Muthukrishnan ²

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in geriatric populations presents a multifaceted challenge characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, sensorimotor dysfunction, and compromised joint stability. While pain management remains central to rehabilitation, proprioceptive dysfunction and impaired dynamic stability represent significant but understudied mechanisms in older adults with KOA. This randomized controlled trial investigates the efficacy of structured…

N. Krishna Prakash ^{1 *} P. Muthukrishnan ²

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) significantly impairs functional capacity and independence in geriatric populations, with increased susceptibility to falls and reduced quality of life. While both neuromuscular re-education (NMR) and conventional strengthening (CS) have demonstrated efficacy, comparative evidence remains limited.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared the effectiveness of neuromuscular re-education versus…

K. Gorgi ^{1 *} M. Chaouche ² K. Rifai ¹ H. Iraqi ¹ M.H. Gharbi ¹

The synchronous occurrence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rare and is most often discovered incidentally on histopathological examination of surgical specimens. We report a series of four cases illustrating this uncommon association, focusing on clinical presentation, histological findings, therapeutic management, and outcomes. Prognosis mainly depends on the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, while papillary thyroid carcinoma generally…

K. Gorgi ^{1 *} M. Chaouche ² K. Rifai ¹ H. Iraqi ¹ M.H. Gharbi ¹

The association between primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and non-medullary thyroid carcinoma is rare and is most often discovered incidentally during surgical exploration or histopathological examination. We report a case series of three patients presenting with thyroid carcinoma associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. We describe the clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical management, and histopathological features. This coexistence raises pathophysiological questions and…

Nourhan Alsaeeid Alsaeeid ^{1 *}

IntroductionVentilator asynchrony is a frequent yet under-recognized problem in mechanically ventilated patients. Failure to detect asynchrony early may lead to prolonged ventilation, respiratory muscle weakness, and delayed rehabilitation. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have introduced smart camera and waveform-based systems capable of detecting subtle asynchrony patterns in real time Artificial Intelligence and Smart Monitoring Systems.