Cyanosis is most often due to cardiac or pulmonary disease, but genetic and acquired disorders of hemoglobin can result in significant arterial desaturation. Disorders such as methemoglobinemia, sulfhemoglobinemia, Hemoglobin M, Low oxygen affinity hemoglobin are the differential diagnosis once cardiopulmonary causes were excluded [1]. Acquired disorders are more common whereas long standing symptoms or symptoms in siblings is suggestive of hereditary causes. A 23-year-old female patient…

The paper discusses the direct path of sound waves to the receptor, especially high frequencies. Attention was drawn to inertia in the middle and inner ear. The significance of the resonance of the longitudinal wave in the fluid with the transverse wave of the basilar membrane's natural vibrations was critically assessed. Problems related to the rocking movements of the stapes and the difference in the speed of the sound wave in the fluid and the traveling wave on the basilar membrane were…

Background: Prolonged mobile phone use induces forward head posture (FHP), creating a bidirectional pathway linking musculoskeletal strain to neuroendocrine dysregulation and cognitive impairment. No existing global study integrates postural biomechanics, autonomic nervous system function, hormonal biomarkers, and cognitive outcomes in smartphone populations.

Objective: To investigate the multisystem impacts of chronic mobile phone-induced…

Background: Smartphone-related neck disorders predominantly focus on postural kinematics and muscle activation patterns. The cervico-thoracic fascial system's role in altered load transmission during prolonged mobile device use remains uncharacterized. This study investigates fascial densification, shear-strain impairment, and myofascial force transmission dysfunction in smartphone users.

Objective: To evaluate cervico-thoracic fascial…

Background: Musculoskeletal discomfort among students has become increasingly prevalent due to prolonged sitting, poor postural habits, and demanding academic schedules. However, limited evidence exists on the combined influence of postural variability, backpack carrying patterns, late night study habits, and break frequency on these outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between study posture variability, backpack…

Perceived Education-job mismatch is an individual's subjective belief that their education or degree does not align with the requirements of their job. This research aims to investigate the association between education-job mismatch and two groups of individual and workplace outcomes in Nigeria. A second aim also is to test the extent to which these associations can be moderated by personality traits and employability. A sample of 303 (64.7% male and 35.3% female) graduates from Nigeria were…

Smartphone use has emerged as a significant risk factor for cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction, yet the integrated mechanistic pathways remain inadequately characterized. This study examined the temporal relationship between smartphone exposure and biomechanical, neuromuscular, and sensorimotor alterations in the cervical spine, coupled with physiotherapy-driven recovery mechanisms. We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial with 94 asymptomatic to minimally symptomatic…

Cervicogenic Headache (CGH), originating from cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction and associated neuropathological cascades, represents a significant clinical burden affecting 2.5-4.1% of the global population with limited evidence-based complementary intervention strategies. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the comparative effectiveness of Intermittent Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (INES) versus High Fruit-and-Vegetable (HFV) dietary intervention as adjuncts to standard…

Background: Pseudochylothorax is an uncommon chronic pleural effusion characterized by elevated pleural cholesterol levels and typically associated with long-standing pleural inflammation, most commonly Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and tuberculosis. Although usually sterile, secondary infection may rarely complicate the condition, particularly in immunocompromised patients, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Case: A 54-year-old man with…

Background and Aims: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and draining tunnels in intertriginous regions. Despite extensive research since its description in 1854, the global prevalence remains highly variable (0.053%-4.1%), with notable disparities across demographic groups. This study examines demographic patterns and prevalence trends of HS in the United States to inform targeted public health…